Laparoscopic General Surgery
Commonly performed laparoscopic general surgery procedures:
Cholecystectomy
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard, cost-effective, and safe treatment for gallbladder stones, making it one of the most frequently performed laparoscopic procedures.
Appendectomy
Appendectomy, the removal of the appendix, is a safe, common, and cost-effective procedure. Laparoscopic appendectomy is widely preferred for treating a diseased appendix due to its minimal invasiveness.
CBD Exploration
Laparoscopic removal of common bile duct stones is an advanced procedure using a flexible fiber optic choledochoscope for direct visualization and extraction under laparoscopic guidance.
Liver Abscess
Laparoscopic drainage of Liver Abscess is an established treatment option for Abscesses which cannot be aspirated under ultrasound guidance because of their size and site.
Colonic Resection
Laparoscopic removal of part or complete colon as required in cancer of large intestine is being done successfully all over the world. It has a great advantage of early recovery without compromising the principles of cancer surgery.
Rectopexy
The Rectum is anchored to the sacral promontory laparoscopically to prevent it’s sliding down and prolapse. This can be done by using a prosthetic mesh or simple stitches. It is a very successful procedure for treatment of Rectal prolapse.
Fundoplication
Nissen’s Fundoplication is the most accepted procedure for GERD and Hiatus Hernia. Laparoscopic Fundoplication is a routine procedure is most advanced laparoscopic surgery programmes.
Achalasia
Laparoscopic treatment for achalasia, known as Heller myotomy, involves cutting the lower esophageal sphincter to improve swallowing by allowing food to pass more easily into the stomach, minimizing symptoms.
Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery
Commonly performed laparoscopic hernia surgery procedures:
Inguinal Hernia
Laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery offers better outcomes than open surgery, treating the defect at its origin. It also covers inguinal, obturator, and femoral sites with mesh, unlike open surgery.
Umbilical Hernia
Simple Procedure done laparoscopically which obviates the need for a lot of dissection which is required in open surgery thus reducing the operative time, the recovery time and the pain associated with surgery.
Diaphragmatic Hernia
Laparoscopic surgery is a boon for patients having Diaphragmatic hernia or defects. As laparoscopic assess to this area is much easier and better then open surgery for which a very large incision is required.
Epigastric Hernia
Simple procedure done laparoscopically where a prosthetic mesh is applied from within to cover the hernia defect. Less dissection is required, early recovery and less peri-operative pain
Incisional Hernia
Any incisional or ventral hernia irrespective of it’s size and location can be repaired laparoscopically with rewarding results .A prosthetic mesh is applied from within to cover the hernia defect and fixed in place with the help of tacker and stitches.
Hiatus Hernia
Hiatus hernia occurs when part of the stomach slides into the chest through the diaphragm. Laparoscopic surgery repairs the defect and wraps the fundus around the lower esophagus.
Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery
Single Incision Laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a further advancement in laparoscopic surgery .It is now possible to do almost all laparoscopic procedures through single Incision in place of the multiple incision used in conventional multi port laparoscopy .Special Instruments are required for these procedures .The most commonly performed SILS procedures are :
- Cholecystectomy
- Hysterectomy
- Ovarian Cystectomy
- Appendectomy
Laparoscopic Urology
Commonly performed laparoscopic urology procedures:
Pyelolithotomy
Laparoscopic Pyelolithotomy, using a retroperitoneal approach, treats solitary renal pelvic stones without entering the abdominal cavity, avoiding kidney tissue disruption compared to the percutaneous method.
Nephrectomy
Non-functioning kidneys are removed to prevent infections, tumors, or hypertension. Laparoscopy, including in radical nephrectomy and donor nephrectomy, is the preferred method for kidney removal and transplant procedures.
Ureterolithotomy
Transperitoneal and retroperitoneal Ureterolithotomy has its role in large stones of the ureter which are difficult to remove by ureterorenoscopy (URS).
Pyeloplasty
Laparoscopic trans-abdominal pyeloplasty (Classical Anderson Hynes or Y-V Plasty) is a routine laparoscopic procedure with comparable results as with open surgery.
Paediatric Laparoscopic
Commonly performed paediatric laparoscopic procedures:
Congenital Hernia
Laparoscopy offers a very good approach for Herniotomy in Paediatric age group .The contra-lateral side can also be assessed simultaneously and dealt with if impending herniation is detected.
Orchipexy
Laparoscopic mobilization of intra-abdominal testes allows easier, single-stage descent, compared to open surgery, which often requires a two-stage procedure for similar results.
Pyeloplasty
Laparoscopic transabdominal pyeloplasty (Anderson Hynes or Y-V Plasty) offers results comparable to open surgery, with the added benefit of faster recovery, especially in pediatric patients who struggle with prolonged rest.
Appendectomy
Removal of Appendix is called Appendectomy or Appendicectomy. Lap. Appendectomy is a common safe and cost effective method of removing the diseased appendix.
Colectomy for Mega Colon
The Colon can be mobilized laparoscopically and a perineal anastomosis can be performed with a circular stapling device. A proximal colostomy can be done under laparoscopic guidance for additional safety without opening the abdomen.
Abdominal Lymph Node Biopsy
A simple procedure which avoids a laparotomy and gives us the liberty to choose the best lymph node which can be taken and subjected to histo-pathological examination to reach a diagnosis of the disease process.
Laparoscopy in Trauma
Haematoma / Haemoperitonium Drainage
Laparoscopic surgery is emerging as an alternative in patients with abdominal injuries .It helps to quantify the injury correctly in haemodynamically stable patients with abdominal trauma .Blood in abdominal cavity can be drained and bleeding controlled .In addition to this damaged spleen can also be removed.
Laparascopic Solid Organ Surgery
Commonly performed laparoscopic solid organ surgery procedures:
Splenectomy
Elective laparoscopic splenectomy is a very feasible alternative to open splenectomy .It is usually done in patients of splenic enlargement caused by medical disorders.
Adrenalectomy
Laparoscopic removal of adrenal tumours is a safe and better procedure than open surgery where a large incision is necessary.
Nephrectomy
Non-functioning kidneys are removed to prevent complications like infections, tumors, and hypertension. Laparoscopy is a preferred method, including in radical nephrectomy for tumors and laparoscopic donor nephrectomy for transplants.
Laparoscopy For Morbid Obesity
The patients with morbid obesity or obesity with metabolic disorders like diabetes have a surgical option to help them overcome their problems. The diabetes goes into remission immediately after surgery.
The procedures available are :-
- Sleeve Gastrectomy
- Gastric Bypass
- Gastric Banding
Surgery is reserved for patients who have exhausted all other options for weight loss. Proper counseling is done by the bariatric team to decide the best procedure for each patient.
Thoracoscopy & VATS
Video Assisted Thoracic Surgery or thoracoscopic surgery is the method to do surgery inside the chest with the help of instruments inserted through small holes in the chest wall, without opening the chest. Procedures which are done thoracoscopilly commonly are-
Mediastinal Lymphnode Biopsy
Lymphnodes from within the chest are removed for the purpose of arriving at an accurate diagnosis after histopathological examination.
Thoracoscopic Decortication
Removal of thickened covering layer of lung to facilitate it’s expansion is called Decortication. Thoracoscopic decortications is a fairly commonly performed procedure and is a good alternative to open thoracotomy and decortications.
Thymus removal
VATS is now the method of choice for removal of thymus tumours.